Three factors do most of the work in a running-cost comparison: surface durability, cleaning frequency and how the board holds up to accidental damage. A surface that scratches or stains after regular use needs replacing sooner, and the cost of a full panel swap on a large board is considerably higher than for a standard-sized one, simply because of the material and installation involved. Cleaning frequency matters too, since a surface that needs specialist cleaner rather than a standard wipe adds a recurring cost that is easy to underestimate at the quoting stage.
Damage resistance is the factor most often left out of a budget entirely, even though a large whiteboard in a busy meeting room takes more daily contact than most office fixtures.
A practical example makes the comparison easier to picture: a board that ghosts badly enough to need replacing after eighteen months, then again three and a half years later, has effectively paid for three boards by the five-year mark once installation is included each time. A ceramic steel board bought once and cleaned properly can still be performing well at the same point, having needed nothing beyond routine cleaning supplies.